Relationship between Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer

Relationship Between Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer

About Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer affects the colon or rectum thus also called colon cancer or rectal cancer. Abnormal growth of cells in the colon or rectum can cause colorectal cancer. Regular screening is important to diagnose cancer since it doesn’t produce any symptoms in the initial stage, symptoms are often present when cancer reaches the advanced stage.

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What is relationship between Diabetes and Colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer and diabetes are two of the most common health issues worldwide. Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the colon and rectum, while diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects the way the body uses blood sugar. While these two conditions may seem unrelated, recent research suggests that there may be a link between diabetes and colorectal cancer.

 

Studies have found that people with diabetes have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to those without diabetes. The link between the two conditions may be due to several factors. For example, people with diabetes often have high levels of insulin in their blood, which can promote the growth of cancer cells. Additionally, people with diabetes are more likely to have other risk factors for colorectal cancer, such as obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.

There is also evidence to suggest that diabetes may be associated with a more aggressive form of colorectal cancer. In one study, researchers found that people with diabetes had a higher risk of developing advanced stage colorectal cancer, which is harder to treat and has a worse prognosis.

It’s important to note that while there is a link between diabetes and colorectal cancer, having diabetes does not mean that you will automatically develop colorectal cancer. However, if you have diabetes, it’s important to be aware of the increased risk and take steps to reduce your risk of developing colorectal cancer. This may include adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight. Additionally, people with diabetes should undergo regular colorectal cancer screening, as early detection is key to successful treatment.

Who are at risk of colorectal cancer?

The risk of developing colorectal cancer is more common among people who

  • Higher blood glucose levels
  • Long term obesity with Type 2  diabetes mellitus
  • Smoke more often
  • Intake of alcohol regularly
  • Suffering from ulcerative colitis
  • Sedentary lifestyle

Various researches have shown, people who have type 2 diabetes mellitus have a 38 percent risk of developing colorectal cancer than the people who don’t have diabetes.

What are symptoms of colorectal cancer?

During the early stage of disease, there are no symptoms, however, when the disease reaches an advanced stage the symptoms are more visible. However, the symptoms present most commonly are –

  • Frequent diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Bloody stools
  • Bloating
  • Pain in abdomen
  • Color of the stool changes

During the advanced stage of the disease, the following symptoms are commonly observed –

  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Severe fatigue
  • Improper bowel movements
  • Persistent abdominal pain
  • Loss of appetite
  • Anemia (iron deficiency anemia )

How colorectal cancer get diagnosed?

Colorectal cancer can be diagnosed through a combination of screening tests, physical exams, and imaging studies. Here are some common methods used to diagnose colorectal cancer:

  • Colonoscopy: This is the most common screening test for colorectal cancer. During a colonoscopy, a doctor inserts a flexible tube with a camera on the end (colonoscope) into the rectum to view the colon and rectum. If abnormal growths or polyps are detected, they can be removed for biopsy.
  • Stool Tests: Stool tests can detect the presence of blood or abnormal cells in the stool, which may indicate the presence of colorectal cancer. The fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are two commonly used stool tests.
  • Imaging Tests: Imaging tests, such as CT scans, MRI, and PET scans, can help detect the presence of tumors or abnormal growths in the colon and rectum.
  • Biopsy: A biopsy involves taking a small tissue sample from the colon or rectum and examining it under a microscope to detect the presence of cancer cells.
  • Digital Rectal Exam: During a digital rectal exam, a doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for any lumps or abnormalities.

It’s important to note that early detection of colorectal cancer is key to successful treatment. For this reason, it’s recommended that people at average risk of colorectal cancer begin screening at age 45 or earlier if they have certain risk factors. Talk to your doctor about the best screening options for you based on your individual risk factors and medical history.

How colorectal cancer get treated?

Colorectal cancer can be treated through a combination of different therapies depending on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Here are some common methods used to treat colorectal cancer:

  • Surgery: Surgery is often the first line of treatment for colorectal cancer. During surgery, the cancerous tumor is removed along with surrounding healthy tissue. In some cases, a colostomy or ileostomy may be necessary to redirect the bowel to an opening in the abdomen, allowing waste to pass into a collection bag.
  • Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to kill cancer cells. It may be used before or after surgery to shrink tumors or destroy remaining cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves using drugs to kill cancer cells. It can be given before or after surgery or in combination with radiation therapy.
  • Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target the cancer cells, while sparing healthy cells. It can be used in combination with chemotherapy.
  • Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is a newer approach that uses the body’s own immune system to fight cancer cells. It may be used in advanced stages of colorectal cancer.
  • Palliative care: Palliative care focuses on improving the quality of life for people with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. It may involve symptom management, such as pain relief and emotional support.

The choice of treatment depends on various factors such as the stage of cancer, the patient’s overall health, and the potential side effects of treatment. Your doctor will work with you to develop a treatment plan that’s best for your individual needs.

Written by: Dr. Jyotsana Anand